Key Issues

Recycling Used Nuclear Fuel

The federal government plans to develop advanced recycling technologies to take full advantage of the unused energy in the used fuel and reduce the amount and toxicity of byproducts requiring disposal.

Government to Study Recycling

For economic and national security reasons, the United States does not currently recycle used nuclear fuel. After its use once in the reactor, companies remove it for ultimate disposal in a repository. This “once-through” fuel use is called an "open" fuel cycle. The recycling and reuse of nuclear fuel is called a "closed" fuel cycle. This approach would capture the vast amount of energy still remaining in used nuclear fuel.

The federal government plans to evaluate both the open and closed fuel cycles, including the benefits and availability of advanced recycling technologies. The nuclear industry endorses this plan, which could result in long-term environmental and energy security benefits for America.

Policy brief on advanced fuel cycle technologies

Converting Used Fuel Into New Fuel

Through recycling, the separated uranium would become new fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. The long-lived radioactive elements, including plutonium, become fuel that could be used in advanced reactors that would be developed commercially as part of the research and development program.

Advanced recycling technologies would reduce the volume, heat and toxicity of used nuclear fuel, but not completely eliminate the byproducts. The recycling byproducts would require disposal in a permanent repository.

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Aerial View of Yucca Mountain

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Key Issues

Government to Study Recycling

Converting Used Fuel Into New Fuel

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