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September 2007

Key Facts

• The use of radiological dispersion devices, also called “dirty bombs,” is one scenario that the government and private sector consider in protecting our nation. A dirty bomb is not a nuclear weapon that creates a large blast. Rather, it is a combination of an explosive and radioactive material designed to spread radioactive material and contaminate a small area.
• Sources of radioactive material are used worldwide in a number of diverse applications. Radioactive sources are used to diagnose and treat disease; explore for petroleum and mineral resources; ensure the strength, integrity and quality of materials; sterilize medical products and consumer goods; improve food safety and abundance; create fresh water supplies from sea water; and provide power in diverse applications ranging from nanotechnologies to space exploration. Very small radioactive sources are even found in common everyday items such as smoke detectors, wrist watches and exit signs.
• Among the millions of radioactive sources that are used globally, only a small fraction would pose any appreciable radiation risk if used in a dirty bomb. Such sources are, as a rule, highly regulated by government agencies, which impose strict safety and security requirements. In light of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, government and industry are implementing additional measures to provide security against intentional misuse of radioactive sources.
• Being near the site where a dirty bomb is exploded does not guarantee that people will be exposed to the radioactive material. An examination by a physician using sensitive radiation detection devices is necessary to determine if a person has been exposed to radiation.

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